Applications of Fiber Optics in Medicine: Applications and Challenges of Biomedical Sensors

In this video, the presenter discusses the applications of fiber optics in medicine and highlights some of the challenges associated with this technology. Fiber optic cables, which transmit information using light, have several advantages over electrical cables in the healthcare industry. One major advantage is that they eliminate the risk of electric shock, making them safe to use on patients. Additionally, the small and flexible nature of optical fibers allows them to be used in medical devices such as catheters, enabling precise diagnostics and treatment.

The presenter explains that there are different types of sensors used in medicine, including optical, physical, and chemical sensors. Optical sensors, such as pulse oximeters, are used to measure oxygen levels in the blood and help ensure patient safety during procedures like MRI scans. Dye dilution measurement of flow is another optical sensor technique used to measure cardiac output. Laser Doppler velocimetry, which measures the velocity of objects using lasers, can be helpful in observing internal luminal velocity in blood vessels. Fluorescent spectroscopy, or fluoro-photometry, is another optical sensing technique used for identifying and characterizing substances.

Physical sensors, which measure temperature, pressure, and radiation, are also used in the medical field. For example, fiber optic temperature sensors utilize liquid crystals that change their light absorption properties at different temperatures. Pressure fiber sensors, on the other hand, work by reflecting light differentially, allowing for the measurement of air pressure.

Chemical sensors are crucial in measuring indicators like pH, carbon dioxide, and glucose levels in the body. These sensors use specific dyes that emit different spectra depending on the chemical reaction, providing valuable information about a person's physiological state.

While the advancements in fiber optics have greatly improved healthcare, there are some challenges to consider. Physical vibrations can introduce signal noise, which may interfere with accurate readings. Additionally, the fragility of optical fibers makes them susceptible to breakage, requiring careful handling. Furthermore, fiber optic cables are currently more expensive than electrical cables due to the low production volume, though this cost may decrease in the future.

In conclusion, fiber optics have revolutionized the healthcare industry by enabling precise diagnostics, monitoring, and treatment. The various types of sensors used in conjunction with fiber optic technology provide valuable insights into the body's functions. Despite the challenges, the use of fiber optics in medicine is constantly evolving and holds great potential for further advancements in the field.